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Kina Sea urchins
Introduction
Kina were introduced into the Quota Management System (QMS) in 2002. The Quota Management Areas (QMAs) were created based on the existing Fisheries Management Areas (FMAs).
Catching rights are issued per QMA. The commercial fishing year is 1 October to 30 September the following year.
The management code for kina is SUR, so each management area is classed as SUR 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B etc.
There have been no stock assessments for any kina stock around New Zealand.
Biology
There are two main species of sea urchin on coastal rocky reefs in New Zealand. Kina (Evechinus chloroticus) is endemic to New Zealand and is a valued species for Māor customary and recreational fishers.
Long-spined urchins (Centrostephanus rodgersii) have been known to occur in New Zealand since the 1920s or earlier. Centrostephanus are less common and are primarily isolated to the northern regions of New Zealand, however, with warming waters their range and abundance has been increasing.
Harvesting
Depending on the environmental conditions, kina are found in waters up to 20 m deep and are harvested by hand gathering while freediving. Harvesting kina with underwater breathing apparatus is not permitted for commercial fishers. Recreational fishers harvest kina while wading, freediving or scuba.